Those elements form a large variety of complex molecular structures, some of which cannot be readily identified. You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. Mesini encyclopedia of life support systems eolss in order to generate and preserve a deposit of hydrocarbons until its commercial discovery an hydrocarbon reservoir if it can be economically exploited, four. Hydrocarbon creationwiki, the encyclopedia of creation. The third edition of the encyclopedia of toxicology presents entries devoted to key concepts and specific chemicals, and is updated to reflect current advances in the field. Organic compounds which contain carbon and hydrogen only. Crude oil petroleum product encyclopedia britannica.
Its just one carbon atom with four hydrogen atoms stuck to it. We can say that they are the basis of the current economy. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds which contain only hydrogen and carbon subcategories. Unesco eolss sample chapters petroleum engineering upstream the petroleum upstream industry. Aromatic hydrocarbon accessscience from mcgrawhill. In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organical compound. Hydrocarbon used in welding with old name of ethylene. Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons, which was proposed and introduced in 1962 with the. Youtube article about youtube by the free dictionary.
Here is a list of the first 10 alkanes and a look at how to name them. Sep 07, 2010 watch more videos on subscribe for all our videos. Youtube lets anyone upload videos for private or public viewing. A few examples of these types of compounds are shown as students explore the possible structural. And the reason i boxed off organic compounds is because weve been dealing with thus far, inorganic compounds. One of a class of hydrocarbons possessing more than one ring. Realworld reading link if you have ridden in a car or a bus, you have used hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds which contain only hydrogen and carbon. Three former paypal employees chad hurley, steve chen, and jawed karim created the service in february 2005.
The liquid form of hydrocarbons can be utilized to provide many needed things in our culture today such as oil, gasoline, and fuels. Bioremediation of hydrocarbons is a promising mitigation strategy but challenges remain, particularly due to low microbial metabolic rates in cold, icecovered seas. Hydrocarbon exploration focused mainly on very deep waters, thus triggering the development of innovative technologies with the aim of constructing production platforms at ever increasing depth. Hydrocarbons are a class of molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Today we are going to cover all chemical properties of alkanes in this video. Youtube is an american videosharing platform headquartered in san bruno, california. Many hydrocarbons are found in plants, animals, and their fossils. The term is often extended to the terpenoids, which are oxygenated derivatives of these hydrocarbons. A lively, fun, and entertaining 20 audio cd listen and learn program. One goes to the hydrogen atom, and one each to the two neighboring carbons. The combustion of hydrocarbons is a primary source of energy for our society.
Generally speaking, an offshore platform has the primary function of allowing the production of hydrocarbons from the subsurface, with minimum. Hydrocarbons are the most basic organic compound known to man. Crude oil is a mixture of comparatively volatile liquid hydrocarbons compounds composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon, though it also contains some nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Hydrocarbon simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This system was approved in 1892 by the international congress of chemists, meeting in geneva. Hydrocarbon, any of a class of organic chemical compounds composed only of the elements carbon c and hydrogen h. Each carbon atom in the hexagonal cycle has four electrons to share. The carbon atoms join together to form the framework of the compound, and the hydrogen atoms attach to them in many different configurations. Encyclopaedia of hydrocarbons project directors mario beccari, ugo romano scientific coordinating committee pier federico barnaba. The 5 main applications of hydrocarbons life persona. Microorganisms are organisms forms of life requiring magnification to see and resolve their structures. For those who are addicted youtube, being able to download youtube videos is hugely valuable. In the first, the rings are fused, which means that at least two carbon atoms are shared between adjacent rings. Petroleum origin of hydrocarbons encyclopedia britannica.
Useful hydrocarbon mixtures include cooking gas, gasoline, naphtha, benzine, kerosene, paraffin, and lubricating oils. Hydrocarbons are only made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Mesini encyclopedia of life support systems eolss today comes from crude oil. The simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons and are composed of carbon and hydrogen. Microbial degradation of alkanes pdf download available. Conversion of methane into higher hydrocarbons on platinum nature. Aug 28, 2011 this tutorial will help students understand the basics of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and alkenes. They all contain a carbon backbone, called a carbon skeleton, and have hydrogen. Hydrocarbons article about hydrocarbons by the free dictionary. The world is dependent upon the burning of fossil fuels combustion to provide energy. It contains new information on nanotoxicology, epigenetics, persistent organic pollutants, computational toxicology and bioinformatics, controversial chemicals, and much more. Hydrocarbons definition of hydrocarbons by the free dictionary. Each of the carbon atoms in an alkane has sp3 hybrid orbitals and is bonded to four other atoms, each of which is either carbon or hydrogen.
A hydrocarbon with a chemistry similar to that of benzene. The 3 types of fossil fuel are coal, crude oil and natural gas. Hydrocarbons from which one hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups called hydrocarbyls. Hydrocarbons are grouped into families or homologous series. Hydrocarbon creationwiki, the encyclopedia of creation science. Cage hydrocarbon accessscience from mcgrawhill education. Wikimedia commons has media related to hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are the principal constituents of petroleum and natural gas.
Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. More than 19,000 downloadable images and animations illustrating. They had the idea that ordinary people would enjoy sharing their home videos. Hydrocarbons karl griesbaum, universitat karlsruhe th, karlsruhe, federal republic of germany arno behr, henkel kgaa, dusseldorf, federal republic of germany dieter biedenkapp, basf aktiengesellschaft, ludwigshafen, federal republic of germany heinzwerner voges, huls aktiengesellschaft, marl, federal republic of germany. The solvents benzene, xylene, toluene, naphthalene and so on. Petroleum engineering upstream the petroleum upstream industry. To learn more about subscribing to accessscience, or to request a norisk trial of this awardwinning scientific reference for your institution, fill in your information and a member of our sales team will contact you as soon as possible. Aromatic hydrocarbon simple english wikipedia, the free. Now, there are three different types of hydrocarbons, and those are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.
Polynuclear hydrocarbon accessscience from mcgrawhill. In the twentieth century hydrocarbons were, and will continue t o be in the coming decades, by far the most important energy source, the engine of economic and indust rial development, a decisive factor in social organization, and a strategic raw material, whose destiny closely links alliances, conflicts, and geopolitical and security issues. In particular, the typical rotary rig for drilling onshore medium to deep wells, indicatively more than 3,000 metres, will be described. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Chemical name casnumber colourform boiling point c melting point c molecular weight. The hydrogen and carbon are bonded with nonpolar covalent bonds. Alicyclic hydrocarbon accessscience from mcgrawhill. The carbon frameworks of many cage hydrocarbons are quite rigid. Saturated and unsaturated carbon compounds are used in our everyday life. The aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbons may be divided into two groups. Learn the basics about coal, oil and gas hydrocarbons as part of the. Before watching this video you should watch our video explaining how crude oil is separated into its different length hydrocarbon fractions by. The lewis structures and models of methane, ethane, and pentane are illustrated in figure 1.
Encyclopedia hydrocarbon article content hydrocarbon. What hydrocarbons are what alkanes are the general formula for alkanes an example of using that general formula to work out the molecular formula of octane. Hydrocarbon biodegradation by arctic seaice and subice. Hydrocarbons can have only single bonds alkanes or can have double bonds alkenes or triple bonds alkynes. Hydrocarbon exploration is a high risk investment and risk assessment is paramount for successful project portfolio management. They are made out of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms. Ullmanns encyclopedia of industrial chemistry major. In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is any chemical compound that consists only of the elements carbon c and hydrogen h. Consequently, the geometric relationships between substituents on the cage are well defined. This is the first video in the organic chemistry unit. Many of the hydrocarbons can very easily catch on fire, and when burned these hydrocarbons turn into water, carbon dioxide, and also heat. Bonding and molecular structure, families of carbon compounds, organic reactions and their mechanisms, nomenclature and conformations of alkanes and cycloalkanes, stereochemistry, ionic reactions, alkenes and alkynes, alcohols and ethers, 0 alcohols from carbonyl compounds.
The main applications of hydrocarbons are given in transport, as fuel, and in industry. Paraffin hydrocarbons are also referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. Encyclopaedia of hydrocarbons project directors mario beccari, ugo romano scientific coordinating committee pier federico barnaba, piero bernardini, giovanni brighenti, sergio carra, alberto clo. Crude oil is composed of hydrocarbons, which are mainly hydrogen about % by weight and carbon about 85%.
In this unit, you will learn more about hydrocarbons. Top 10 best free youtube downloaders 2019 vloggergear. They consist of tetrahedral carbon atoms, up to 10 5 carbons or more in length. Ullmanns encyclopedia of industrial chemistry is the benchmark reference in chemistry and chemical and life science engineering, covering inorganic and organic chemicals, advanced materials, pharmaceuticals, polymers and plastics, metals and alloys, biotechnology and biotechnological products, food chemistry, process engineering and unit operations, analytical methods, environmental. It was registered on february 14, 2005, by steve chen, chad hurley, and jawed karim, three former employees of the american ecommerce company paypal. Terpene, any of a class of hydrocarbons occurring widely in plants and animals and empirically regarded as built up from isoprene, a hydrocarbon consisting of five carbon atoms attached to eight hydrogen atoms c 5 h 8. Microorganism is a general term that becomes more understandable if it is divided into its principal types bacteria, yeasts, molds, protozoa, algae, and rickettsia predominantly unicellular microbes. Material is presented in a totally different fashion than in the encyclopedia to.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsaturated hydrocarbons, which contain one or more double bonds, are useful chemicals for many reactions. Exploration risk is a difficult concept and is usually defined by assigning confidence to the presence of the imperative geological factors, as discussed above. The drilling rigs used on land are complexes of mobile equipment which can be moved in reasonably short times from one drill site to another, drilling a series of wells. They are also used as the starting materials for manufacture of many dyes and drugs. This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. Ullmanns encyclopedia of industrial chemistry ebook. Each of the carbon atoms in an alkane has sp 3 hybrid orbitals and is bonded to four other atoms, each of which is either carbon or hydrogen. During the refining of petroleum, one kind of hydrocarbon is often converted to another, more useful kind by cracking. Regardless of variations, however, almost all crude.
They can be found in crude oil and are separated by fractional distillation which means they are separated into different groups. In this way, we find these components in the plastics, insecticides and even cosmetics or soaps. I introduce what organic means, what hydrocarbons are, and the difference between saturated and. The company is headquartered in san bruno, california. In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen. Purchase encyclopedia of analytical science 3rd edition. The gasoline and diesel fuel that are used in cars, trucks, and. The istituto della enciclopedia italiana and eni present a new edition of the encyclopaedia of. Hydrocarbons chemical properties of alkanes youtube.
Depending on their structure, a distinction is made between acyclic, or aliphatic, hydrocarbons, in which the carbon atoms are bound to one another in linear or branched chains, and isocyclic, or carbocyclic, hydrocarbons, the molecules of which form rings consisting of three or more carbon atoms. Although it is recognized that the original source of carbon and hydrogen was in the materials that made up primordial earth, it is generally accepted that these two elements had to pass through an organic phase to be combined into the varied complex molecules recognized as hydrocarbons. In general, the hole within a cage hydrocarbon is too small to accommodate even a proton. The term is often restricted to the liquid form, commonly called.
They are known as fossil fuels because they have been formed, over millions of years, from the. Encyclopedia of analytical science 3rd edition elsevier. Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds. Because of its lack of polar covalent bonds, hydrocarbons cannot create hydrogen bonds with water and are. Alkanes are openchain aliphatic or noncyclic hydrocarbons with no multiple bonds or functional groups. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss, unesco. Benzenoid aromatic hydrocarbons contain one or more benzene rings and are by far the more common and the more important commercially. Petroleum, complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occur in earth in liquid, gaseous, or solid form. Aromatic hydrocarbons are either benzenoid or nonbenzenoid. Hydrocarbons article about hydrocarbons by the free. This tutorial will help students understand the basics of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and alkenes. July 2017 learn how and when to remove this template message.